Suicide in Maharashtra: A Growing Concern Despite Development
Mumbai: Suicide is a medical emergency, psychiatrists emphasize, requiring urgent attention from trained medical professionals. In 2023, India recorded 1,71,418 suicides, reflecting a slight increase of 0.3% compared to 2022, according to the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB).
Maharashtra, despite being one of India’s most developed states, reported the highest number of suicide cases at 22,687, raising serious concerns among mental health experts.
Dr. Ashutosh Shah, Consultant Psychiatrist at Sir H N Reliance Foundation Hospital, Mumbai, commented on this trend. He expressed uncertainty about why Maharashtra leads in suicides despite its development but explained from a neurological perspective that suicide or attempted suicide is an extreme manifestation of the fight-or-flight response, where the individual perceives death as the only option available.
He emphasized, “As trained medical doctors, psychiatrists must always treat suicide as a medical emergency.”
Underlying Causes and Contributing Factors
While immediate triggers may be evident, both environmental and biological factors often contribute to suicidal behavior. According to NCRB data, the leading causes of suicide in India include:
- Family problems and illness
- Drug abuse or alcoholism (7%)
- Marriage-related issues (5.3%)
- Love affairs (4.7%)
- Bankruptcy or indebtedness (3.8%)
- Unemployment (1.8%)
- Exam failure (1.4%)
- Death of a loved one (1.3%)
- Career-related problems (1.1%)
- Property disputes (1%)
Dr. Shah further highlighted the importance of government policies to identify at-risk individuals on a population level. These individuals may include people diagnosed with psychiatric disorders, those from impoverished or socio-economically challenged backgrounds, and individuals undergoing acute environmental crises.
He stated, “Targeted interventions are essential. This begins with identification of at-risk individuals and is followed by early treatment and support from qualified professionals, particularly psychiatrists.”
Recognizing Warning Signs of Suicide
Rehna William, Clinical Psycho-oncologist at HCG ICS Khubchandani Cancer Centre, Colaba, Mumbai, explained that suicidal thoughts often manifest through verbal cues such as talking about death or expressing hopelessness. Behavioral changes like withdrawing from loved ones, mood swings, giving away belongings, or losing interest in usual activities may also be warning signs.
She added, “Suicide among cancer patients is multifactorial but preventable. Beyond physical suffering, untreated depression, anxiety, hopelessness, and financial or social stress are major contributors. Awareness, early intervention, and timely support can save lives.”
Need Help?
If you or anyone you know is struggling with suicidal thoughts, please seek help immediately. Reach out to mental health helplines or consult qualified medical professionals.
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